Abstract
The present research study was performed to find a solution for the mitigation of ammonia nitrogen in municipally treated sewage effluent (MTSE) using two natural bio-resources. One was composted cow-dung sludge that had catalytic enzymes and nitrifying bacterial mass, and the second was Yucca extract (a desert plant). MTSE samples put in one-liter beakers/jars having initial ammonia nitrogen content of 34.78 mg/L, when treated with 0.0 g/L (control Sample), 1 g/L, 5 g/L (cowdung) and 10 mg/L, 50 mg/L (Yucca extract), respectively, reported depletion of ammonia nitrogen to about 0.00 mg/L ammonia (NH3) as N. It (NH3) transformed to 17.8, 0.18, 0.09, 18.65, and 18.85 mg/L nitrite asN. Ammonia converted to 21.8, 110.1, 133.5, 20.5, 20.8 mg/L nitrate asNO3, respectively. After eight days of treatment, the jar test apparatus reported the results at 35 rounds per minute (RPM) and a temperature of 32 °C. It was found that digested cowdung acted catalytically in eliminating the ammonia nitrogen by converting it to nitrate in a short period of nearly eight days, leading to almost 100% ammonia conversion.
Highlights
Academic Editors: Sanjeev KumarToday, globally, drinking water sources have either been polluted or are under continuous threat of contamination by wastewater intrusion
We measured initial levels ofammonia nitrogen and other parameters of municipally treated sewage effluent (MTSE), and the experiments were performed at room temperature with pristine samples
There was no significant difference in the concentration of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, and nitrate with the control sample
Summary
Academic Editors: Sanjeev KumarToday, globally, drinking water sources have either been polluted or are under continuous threat of contamination by wastewater intrusion. The elevated nitrogen concentrations in the surface waters have primarily resulted from modern agricultural practices, mainly due to nitrogen fertilizers [3,4,5]. Organic nitrogen (ON) includes a wide variety of compounds derived from natural and anthropogenic sources. Agricultural fertilizers aid in the anthropogenic cause of organic nitrogen. Many bacteria, such as species of Nitrosomonas, possess the enzymeurease, which catalyzes the conversion of urea to in organic nitrogen (IN) forms, like Ammonia>(NH3 ) orammoniumion (NH4 + ), that further oxidize to nitrite by the process of nitrification [6,7,8]. The wastewater rich in ammonia nitrogen harms the environment significantly as the ammonia nitrogen may inhibit natural nitrification, cause water hypoxia, result in fish poisoning, and decrease the water purifica-
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