Catalyst regulated interfacial synthesis of self-standing covalent organic framework membranes at room temperature for molecular separation

Abstract

Covalent organic framework (COF) membranes have shown enormous potential for molecular separation due to their large surface areas and pre-designable structures. However, the mild and convenient preparation of COF membranes with high crystallinity has remained a significant challenge. In this work, we reported on a facile liquid–liquid interfacial polymerization method to fabricate self-standing imine-based COF membranes with excellent crystallinity and a tunable thickness at room temperature. Polymerization was confined at the immiscible organic solvent–water interface when the monomers in the dichloromethane met the catalyst aqueous solution. This unique design concept exploited the rapid formation of COF monolayers at the liquid–liquid interface to control catalyst diffusion and structural rearrangement, achieving high crystallinity of the COF membrane. Moreover, the thickness of the self-standing COF membranes could be regulated from 50 nm to 1 μm through the flexible regulation of the growth process. Benefiting from the large surface area of the COF membranes (378 m2/g) and the intensive π–π conjugate effect between the COFs and organic dyes, the obtained COF membranes exhibited high adsorption capacities toward Chrome Black T and Rose Bengal. This work may open a viable avenue to easily and mildly prepare COF membranes for water treatment.