Abstract
Although tectonic areas with facies change (i.e., variation of coal seam thickness, coal seam dip angle, or coal quality) are one of the three major geological structures that induce rock bursts, case studies of rock bursts in these tectonic structures are rare. The main objective of this study is to illustrate this issue and provide case studies that may inspire future research. Based on several typical cases of rock bursts induced by tectonic areas with facies change, the conditions conducive for these bursts are introduced and investigated in detail. Subsequently, numerical simulation is performed, showing that stress concentration exists in regions with variable coal seam thicknesses or dip angle. When stoping or tunnelling approaches this region, the peak stress increases rapidly. Thus, the burst occurs via a mechanism involving the superposition of high in-situ stress from tectonic areas with facies change and abutment pressure from stoping or tunnelling, leading to high stress concentration. Strategies for mitigating rock bursts are also provided. Rock bursts induced by tectonic areas with facies change can be mitigated by avoiding regions of high tectonic stress concentration and reducing mining induced stress.
Highlights
Rock burst are common dynamic disasters that occur during underground mining [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
It is generally acknowledged that geological structures including folds, faults, and tectonic areas with facies change contribute to the occurrence of rock burst hazards and other dynamic disasters [8,9,10,11,12]
Based on the case studies and determination of rock burst mechanisms, it is clear that rock bursts induced by tectonic areas with facies change can be mitigated by avoiding regions with high tectonic induced by tectonic areas with facies change can be mitigated by avoiding regions with high tectonic stress concentration and reducing mining-induced stress
Summary
Rock burst are common dynamic disasters that occur during underground mining [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. It is generally acknowledged that geological structures including folds, faults, and tectonic areas with facies change contribute to the occurrence of rock burst hazards and other dynamic disasters [8,9,10,11,12]. Case studies on the matter are important and valuable, but only a few histories and experiences of rock bursts caused by tectonic areas with facies change have been reported. The literature on related mechanisms is rare except for a few studies on the variation of coal seam been reported. Zhao et al [23] studied mechanism of rock bursts induced by the variation of of coal seam thickness.
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