Abstract
This paper deals with the practical implementation of cleaner technologies in the chemical industry, using two case studies as an illustration. The first case study deals with the removal of NOx and N2O gases over an iron-doped ZSM-5 catalyst developed for tail gas treatment in nitric acid manufacturing. The aim for this case study was to investigate the efficiency of the zeolitic catalyst in the DeNOx process and to compare its catalytic activity with the conventional vanadia-titania. By the experiments carried out, it can be concluded that the new technological developments could significantly contribute to a decrease in environmental pollution. The second case study focuses on zeolite-based catalysts prepared from zeolitic tuff by the impregnation method, for biodiesel production from waste sunflower vegetable oil. The effects of operating and processing variables such as reaction temperature and time were investigated. The results showed that the highest biodiesel yield was 96.7% at an 11.5 MeOH/oil molar ratio, in the presence of 6.4 wt % catalyst at a 50 °C reaction temperature and reaction time of 2 h. The properties of the biodiesel that was produced, such as the viscosity, meet the required specifications of standard JUS EN14214. The common feature of the two different case studies is that both technologies use zeolite catalysts, namely naturally-occurring zeolitic tuff and synthetic ZSM type zeolite catalyst. The examples shown emphasize the importance of the zeolites in clean chemical technologies, which contribute to the protection of the environment.
Highlights
Cleaner production and other preventive initiatives, such as eco-auditing and green technologies, are the main measures being used to advance sustainable development in the industrial sector.Cleaner production could be applied in the chemical industry by using an integrated strategy for environmental protection and pollution prevention
The obtained ammonia is recycled in the gaseous phase, and the solution of calcium chloride is processed by physical treatments, being transformed into products required on the market and simultaneously solving an environmental issue related to the management of technological residual solutions [2]
The goal of the work was to investigate the morphological properties of the conventional vanadium oxide-titania (V2 O5 /TiO2 ) and iron doped zeolite (Fe-ZSM-5) commercial catalysts and to study the catalytic activities shown in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxides with ammonia
Summary
Cleaner production and other preventive initiatives, such as eco-auditing and green technologies, are the main measures being used to advance sustainable development in the industrial sector.Cleaner production could be applied in the chemical industry by using an integrated strategy for environmental protection and pollution prevention. Even if it is well known that the chemical industry is not the highest industrial polluter, its public perception is still unfavorable (especially the inorganic high tonnage industries, such as the production of sulfuric/nitric/phosphoric acid, ammonia, caustic soda, fertilizers, and so forth), due to the toxicity of emissions, products, byproducts, waste and raw materials. To change this perception, many studies with industrial applications have been published (i.e., obtaining calcium carbonate by a new technological approach, namely through Asahi Glass technology). The obtained ammonia is recycled in the gaseous phase, and the solution of calcium chloride is processed by physical treatments, being transformed into products required on the market and simultaneously solving an environmental issue related to the management of technological residual solutions [2]
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