Cascaded four-wave mixing all-optical wavelength converter based on highly nonlinear fiber deposited graphene oxide

Abstract

The all-optical wavelength conversion using cascaded four-wave mixing (FWM) phenomena with graphene oxide (GO) and a highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) device is demonstrated experimentally. GO has a strong third-order nonlinear effect and is an excellent nonlinear optical material for nonlinear optical wavelength conversion. The group velocity matching of pump and signal, HNLF, and GO amplification promote the cascaded nonlinear frequency mixing process. From the experimental and analytical results, the maximum spacing between signal and pump is 21 nm, and specifically, the order of cascaded FWM light increases from order 1 to order 2 with increasing GO, and the first-order FWM conversion efficiency increases to a maximum of −14.5 dB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that cascaded FWM-based all-optical wavelength conversion in HNLF–GO with wide wavelength selectivity is investigated with combined pump and signal light. Our findings not only provide an effective method for achieving all-optical wavelength conversion in cascaded FWM but also offer the possibility of fabricating high-performance nonlinear optical devices.