CARTOGRAPHIC IMAGE OF SAMOGITIA IN THE OLD MAPS OF LITHUANIA, POLAND AND OTHER NEIGHBORING COUNTRIES (1231–1700)

Viktoras Lukoševičius

doi:10.3846/20296991.2014.890317

Abstract

While continuing researches on ancient cartography (Lukoševičius 2013a, 2013b) the publication is aimed at viewing maps of Samogitia in the perspective of historical events, with a special emphasis on most important historical events as well as cartography development moments. The method used is analysis the most representitive examples of maps, by different authors, found in cartographical archives. The article presents the authors and designers over 45 maps where Samogitia is marked and discusses map characteristics. It also provides links that are helpful for the readers interested in a more detailed studies of specific maps. Such presentation should help revise and complete the historical image of Samogitia because the old maps were not specific to any one topic. They – the universal, they were reflected in both the natural and social phenomena and the evolution of patterns. It was also available and various historical comments. Often, the old maps are often associated with military needs. Summarizing research results the author conclude that presented ancient maps is important for the history of Lithuania cartography and are true historical witnesses helping to understand long and complicated formation process of Samogitia and the state of Lithuania; however the analysis alone is insufficient to fully reveal its historic concept.

Highlights

Samogitia (Žemaitija), western part of Lithuania bounded by the Nevezis river in east, the Baltic Sea on the west, the Nemunas river on the south, and the Latvian border on the north (Fig. 1)
Historians claim that the Samogitians began from a Baltic tribe that lived in the center of present day Samogitia from the 5th to the 8th centuries
Cultural identity of Samogitians had a great impact on the development of the nation of Lithuania

Summary

Introduction

Samogitia (Žemaitija), western part of Lithuania bounded by the Nevezis river in east, the Baltic Sea on the west, the Nemunas river on the south, and the Latvian border on the north (Fig. 1). Before the emergence of the unified Lithuanian state, Samogitia was ruled by regional princes. In 1260, July 13 the Samogitians won the victory against the German order at the lake Durbe (Fig. 4). The prince of Trakai who ruled Lithuania jointly with his brother Algirdas, was energetic in defending Samogitia. During their rule no territory was lost to the Germans. Lithuania would regain Samogitia back again in subsequent conflicts Despite all their effort, Samogitians managed to defend their lands until 1410 decisive Tannenberg (the Battle of Žalgiris, the Battle of Grunwald), where united Polish-Lithuanian forces defeated Teutonic order and ended their crusading era (Fig. 5).

Smogitia in the maps of XV–XVI century

Samogitia on the maps published in 1614–1700

Conclusions