Abstract
Carotenoids of the corals Acropora japonica, A. secale, and A. hyacinthus, the tridacnid clam Tridacna squamosa, the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci, and the small sea snail Drupella fragum were investigated. The corals and the tridacnid clam are filter feeders and are associated with symbiotic zooxanthellae. Peridinin and pyrrhoxanthin, which originated from symbiotic zooxanthellae, were found to be major carotenoids in corals and the tridacnid clam. The crown-of-thorns starfish and the sea snail D. fragum are carnivorous and mainly feed on corals. Peridinin-3-acyl esters were major carotenoids in the sea snail D. fragum. On the other hand, ketocarotenoids such as 7,8-didehydroastaxanthin and astaxanthin were major carotenoids in the crown-of-thorns starfish. Carotenoids found in these marine animals closely reflected not only their metabolism but also their food chains.
Highlights
IntroductionEspecially marine invertebrates, contain various carotenoids, with structural diversity [1,2,3,4]
Marine animals, especially marine invertebrates, contain various carotenoids, with structural diversity [1,2,3,4]
The carotenoids composition of the corals and the tridacnid clam were similar to each other (Table 1). β,β-Carotene, peridinin, pyrrhoxanthin, diatoxanthin, and diadinoxanthin were found in these animals
Summary
Especially marine invertebrates, contain various carotenoids, with structural diversity [1,2,3,4]. Interesting structural carotenoids are still being found in marine animals [4]. Various structural varieties are found in carotenoids of marine animals [4]. Crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci, and small sea snail Drupella fragum, inhabiting the Kuroshio current coast. These animals are closely associated within the food chain. The crown-of-thorns starfish and small sea snail D. fragum are carnivorous and mainly prey upon corals. Carotenoids that originated from zooxanthellae are passed to starfish and small sea snails through this food chain. We describe the carotenoids of these marine invertebrates
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