Carica pubescens fruit juice reduces tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus Wistar rats

Abstract

Chronic inflammation and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can cause several complications due to organ dysfunctions. Carica pubescens (CP) is a typical fruit from Dieng Plateau, Indonesia which contains some rutin that is kind of flavonoid. It is well known that flavonoid acts as anti-inflammation and anti-hyperglycemic which is useful for T2DM conditions. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of CP fruit juice on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in rats induced by HFD-STZ, with rutin as a control. The design of this study was a randomized post-test only control group design. A total of twenty-five male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: K- = normal group; K+ = diabetic group; X1 and X2 = diabetic groups that received CP fruit juice 4 mL/200 g BW/day and 8 mL/200 g BW/day; X3 = diabetic group that received rutin 10 mL/200 g BW/day. The treatments were administered orally for 30 days. TNF-α and FBG levels were measured using ELISA and GOD-PAP method respectively. The results showed that TNF-α and FBG levels were significantly decreased in the treatment groups (X1, X2, X3) compared with the K+ group (p<0,05). Also, there was no significant difference in TNF-α and FBG levels between group X2 and X3, indicating that CP fruit juice 8 mL/200 g BW/day has a similar ability with rutin 10 mg/200 g BW/day. It can be concluded that CP fruit juice can be a recommended fruit juice for a diabetic condition by reducing TNF-α and FBG levels.