Cardiovascular risk factors in Pakistan: Current trends

Abstract

To ascertain the prevalence of major cardiovascular dangerous aspects in a Pakistani community, we conducted case-control research. This research enrolled a total of 825 patients (550 man and 275 women) and 784 control participants (436 men and 258 women). We included patients who had a history of coronary artery disease. Using pre-established criteria, we evaluated significant risk variables such as age, hypertension, body mass index, and dyslipidemia. The student’s t test was used to compare the biochemical and clinical markers between controls and patients. We noticed that the patient group had greater cardiovascular disease risk factors than the controls did (P<0.06). In comparison to men, women in the entire study group had higher levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.02, 0.03, and 0.03, respectively). In patients when compared to man, all risk variables in the patient group were considerably greater and more common in women (P<0.06). To investigate the effects of these risk variables separately, the study population was also examined in relation to smoking status and body mass index. Blood pressure and cholesterol levels were considerably higher in smokers and study participants with a higher body mass index in the current study; the risk factor of age was also examined. Among the three age groups (46, 47–56, and 57 years), people under 46 had the highest levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. In summary, the current study shows a greater tendency for cardiovascular disease risk factors at a younger age, with a preponderance of women. The most noticeable dangerous aspects are dyslipidemia and hypertension.