Abstract
Abstract: Doxorubicin, an anthracycline chemotherapeutic agent, is widely utilized in the treatment of acute leukemia due to its potent anti-neoplastic properties. However, its clinical utility is limited by the occurrence of dose-dependent cardiotoxicity, which may manifest as cardiomyopathy, heart failure, or arrhythmias. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms underlying doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage. Additionally, it discusses risk factors predisposing patients to cardiotoxicity, such as cumulative dose, age, pre-existing cardiac conditions, and concomitant use of other cardiotoxic agents. Furthermore, this review highlights various strategies for the prevention and management of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, including the use of cardioprotective agents, cardiac monitoring protocols, and lifestyle modifications. Finally, future directions for research aimed at minimizing cardiotoxicity while preserving the antineoplastic efficacy of doxorubicin in acute leukemia treatment are discussed.
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