Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this research was to identify the score of Harvard Step Test as indicator of cardiorespiratory endurance on college student smokers. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. There were 40 samples who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected using purposive sampling. The instruments of this study were questionnaire, metronome, stop watch, and 19 inches bench. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The results showed that 47,5% of subjects had poor level, 42,5% had average level, and 10% had good level of Harvard step test. On average, 65% of subjects were light smokers, 87,5% were filtered cigarette smokers, and 65% had been smoking for 2-5 years. Conclusion: It can be concluded nearly half of college student smokers had poor Harvard step test score as indicator of cardiorespiratory endurance.
Highlights
World Health Organization (WHO) stated that Indonesia was the third largest country with cigarette consumption
The results showed that 47,5% of subjects had poor level, 42,5% had average level, and 10% had good level of Harvard step test
It has been reported that male smokers have a mortality rate of 70% higher than non-smokers, which was a major cause of death including lung cancer and coronary heart disease
Summary
World Health Organization (WHO) stated that Indonesia was the third largest country with cigarette consumption. It is estimated that currently around 65 million Indonesians or about 28% of Indonesians become smokers. The estimation of smoker statistics among Indonesian children and adolescents, 24.1% of boys are smokers and 13.5% of teenagers are smokers (Pusat Komunikasi Publik Sekretariat Jenderal Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2015). The number of death caused by smoking increases. It has been reported that male smokers have a mortality rate of 70% higher than non-smokers, which was a major cause of death including lung cancer and coronary heart disease. In the United States an estimated 140,000 people per year die from lung cancer and about 85% of them are caused by smoking. Smokers have twice the chance of getting coronary heart disease, higher than nonsmokers and can increase the risk of stroke by about 70% (Hembing, 2008)
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