Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in Löffler's endocarditis

Abstract

A 61-year-old woman presented with chest pain and shortness of breath. Blood work revealed elevated markers for myocardial injury and hypereosinophilia. A right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy was performed for suspected Loffler’s endocarditis (Figure 1) and revealed endocardial fibrosis. Neither necrotic nor thrombotic stages of hypereosinophilic endocardial disease could be detected. To confirm these findings, cardic magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) for tissue characterization was performed. Figure 1) Right ventricular biopsy was performed for suspected Loffler’s endocarditis (Masson’s trichrome staining) and revealed endocardial fibrosis The CMR study (Figure 2) demonstrated small left ventricular (LV) dimensions (LV end-diastolic volume index 5.2 mL/cm) with normal ejection fraction and LV mass. Marked obliteration of the mid-portion of the LV lumen by a mass with a low signal on steady-state free precession imaging (Figures 2A and 2B), first-pass perfusion (Figure 2C) and postcontrast late enhancement images (Figure 2D) were consistent with intraventricular thrombus. Contrast uptake in the subendocardial layers of the midventricular and apical segments was noted. Findings were corroborative of Loffler’s endocarditis at the thrombotic stage. Figure 2) Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated small left ventricular (LV) dimensions with normal ejection fraction and LV mass. Marked obliteration of the mid-portion of the LV lumen by a mass with low signal on steady-state free precession imaging ... Confirming Loffler’s endocarditis, bone marrow biopsy revealed 21% hypereosinophilia. Treatment with oral prednisone and hydroxyurea resolved cardiac symptoms within weeks. A CMR performed after seven months (Figure 3) revealed no residual intraluminal thrombus. LV functional parameters had normalized. Subendocardial late enhancement was consistent with fibrotic Loffler’s endocarditis. Figure 3) Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging performed after seven months did not show residual intraluminal thrombus (arrows in C and D) The present report illustrates the ability of CMR to visualize tissue pathology and guide therapy. Right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy failed to stage the disease correctly, and only detected fibrosis. CMR may be performed for tissue characterization in patients with clinical findings suggestive of Loffler’s endocarditis, to stage the pathology and aid interventions.