Abstract
Cardiac monitoring after murine myocardial infarction, using serial non-invasive cardiac 18F-FDG positron emissions tomography (PET) represents a suitable and accurate tool for in vivo studies. Cardiac PET imaging enables tracking metabolic alterations, heart function parameters and provides correlations of the infarct size to histology. ECG-gated 18F-FDG PET scans using a dedicated small-animal PET scanner were performed in mice at baseline, 3, 14, and 30 days after myocardial infarct (MI) by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. The percentage of the injected dose per gram (%ID/g) in the heart, left ventricular metabolic volume (LVMV), myocardial defect, and left ventricular function parameters: end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), stroke volume (SV), and the ejection fraction (EF%) were estimated. PET assessment of the defect positively correlates with post-infarct histology at 3 and 30 days. Infarcted murine hearts show an immediate decrease in LVMV and an increase in %ID/g early after infarction, diminishing in the remodeling process. This study of serial cardiac PET scans provides insight for murine myocardial infarction models by novel infarct surrogate parameters. It depicts that serial PET imaging is a valid, accurate, and multimodal non-invasive assessment.
Highlights
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in western society [1, 2]
Using the small animal positron emissions tomography (PET) scanner, we investigated the infarct area by the diminished uptake of 18F-FDG in the left ventricle in a three-dimensional evaluation (Figures 1B,C)
Regarding the cardiac %ID/g in the 10 weeks old mice, a parameter that resembles the ratio between the activity of the tracer detected in the cardiac tissue, and the total tracer activity injected, we observed a significant increase in the early cardiac injury at day 3, whereas this increased cardiac uptake of 18F-FDG normalizes at day 14 (MI d3 vs. MI d14, p =0.009; MI d3 vs. MI d30, p =0.01)
Summary
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in western society [1, 2]. Innovative imaging applications, e.g., magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or positron emissions tomography (PET), help optimize the diagnostics and treat cardiovascular patients by providing accurate and specific imaging modalities of the heart. This progress contributes to the rising survival of cardiovascular. Leading to ischemic heart failure with reduced cardiac function and increasing left ventricular volumes. As a consequence of the acute injury, the heart adapts to cardiomyocytes’ loss by remodeling, which is the sum of ventricular dilation, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and fibrotic scar formation [5, 6]. The evaluation of cardiac function and parameters of the heart muscle can accurately be monitored by serial non-invasive cardiac PET imaging [14, 15]
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