Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UVM), the most common primary intraocular malignancy, has a high mortality because of a high propensity to metastasize. Our study analyzed prognostic value and immune-related characteristics of CARD11 in UVM, hoping to provide a potential management and research direction. The RNA-sequence data of 80 UVM patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and divided them into high- and low-expression groups. We analyzed the differentially expressed genes, enrichment analyses and the infiltration of immune cells using the R package and Gene-Set Enrichment Analysis. A clinical prediction nomogram and protein-protein interaction network were constructed and the first 8 genes were considered as the hub-genes. Finally, we constructed a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network by Cytoscape and analyzed the statistical data via the R software. Here we found that CARD11 expression had notable correlation with UVM clinicopathological features, which was also an independent predictor for overall survival (OS). Intriguingly, CARD11 had a positively correlation to autophagy, cellular senescence and apoptosis. Infiltration of monocytes was significantly higher in low CARD11 expression group, and infiltration of T cells regulatory was lower in the same group. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that CARD11 was positively related to T cell activation pathways and cell adhesion molecules. The expressions of hub-genes were all increased in the high CARD11 expression group and the ceRNA network showed the interaction among mRNA, miRNA and lncRNA. These findings show that high CARD11 expression in UVM is associated with poor OS, indicating that CARD11 may serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of the UVM.
Highlights
Uveal melanoma (UVM), with a high mortality because of a high propensity to metastasize and recur, is well known as the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults
We aimed to demonstrate the correlation between the profile of Caspase Recruitment Domain Family Member 11 (CARD11) in UVM, and data of mRNA and lncRNA were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases
CARD11 predicted the prognosis of UVM patients well
Summary
Uveal melanoma (UVM), with a high mortality because of a high propensity to metastasize and recur, is well known as the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults. It arises from intraocular melanocytes of the choroid, the ciliary body, and the iris [1]. The eye is considered as an immune-privileged organ because immune responses are controlled in order to protect eyesight, helping UVM cells evading immune surveillance and providing immune evasion advantage for UVM [2]. The following problem of these treatments is vision loss, which is a worrisome adverse effect [3]. Chemotherapies and directed treatments do not usually maintain long-term tumor control. It is necessary to explore novel prognostic biomarkers or efficacious therapeutic targets
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