CARD: Comprehensive approach based on relative difference for decision-making problems with dual evaluation forms − Application to sustainable renewable energy selection

Abstract

Numerous multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) methods exist, each aiming to improve decision-making in complex scenarios involving multiple criteria. However, challenges remain, particularly in integrating both quantitative and qualitative evaluations and addressing issues related to attribute weighting and normalization. This study introduces a novel MADM method called the CARD method, designed to address these challenges. The CARD method offers a unified framework that combines direct and pairwise evaluations using logarithmic relative difference measures to compare alternatives in terms of relative superiority. Key innovations of the CARD method include: 1) developing a new utility function; 2) proposing a new closeness coefficient measure; 3) the ability to handle joint quantitative and qualitative inputs; and 4) introducing a new criterion satisfaction coefficient, the so-called strictness degree. These features enable the CARD method to effectively solve MADM problems involving mixed criteria. To demonstrate its applicability, we apply the CARD method to a case study on renewable energy source selection in Spain. The results confirm that wind energy is the optimal renewable energy source for Spain, highlighting its economic, engineering, and sustainable advantages. This study underscores the potential of the CARD method to enhance decision-making processes and provide valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners.