Abstract
In the present paper, beneficiation of Fe and Mn elements from a ferruginous manganese ore via carbothermic reduction followed by magnetic separation process was investigated in detail. The effects of the experimental parameters were systematically discussed. Iron-rich products with an Fe grade of 62.3% and 88.2% of Fe recovery, and manganese-rich product with a Mn grade of 63.7% of and 70.4% of Mn recovery were obtained, respectively, at an optimal temperature of 1100 °C, with a roasting time of 100 min, anthracite addition of 25%, milling fineness of 90% passing 0.074 mm, and a magnetic intensity of 140 A/m. Furthermore, the morphology evolution and phase transformation laws along with reduction process were revealed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray detector (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and chemical phase analysis. The results demonstrated that the ferruginous manganese ore reduction can be described as follows: plate-like Fe-Mn symbiotic phase decomposition → granular MnO phase formation → fine metallic iron formation → aggregation of metallic iron → boundary development between Fe and Mn phases.
Highlights
Manganese is an important element and is widely used in metallurgy, chemistry, paints, and batteries
Ferruginous manganese ore was treated via a carbothermic reduction followed by a magnetic separation process
The experimental procedure can be described as follows: The mixture of ferruginous manganese ore (
Summary
Manganese is an important element and is widely used in metallurgy, chemistry, paints, and batteries. Impurity elements are simultaneously leached with manganese, especially in ferruginous manganese ore treatment Another approach, reduction-magnetic separation, is developed for iron and manganese beneficiation from ferruginous manganese ore [6,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. Reduction-magnetic separation, is developed for iron and manganese beneficiation from ferruginous manganese ore [6,15,16,17,18,19,20,21] In this process, iron minerals are transformed to ferromagnetic substance (Fe3 O4 or Fe) for magnetic separation purposes. The objective of the current study is the beneficiation of manganese and iron, respectively, from a ferruginous manganese ore
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