Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the metabolic effects of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. However, there is no significant information available regarding the characterization of organic molecules, and metabolites with SWCNT exposure. Noninvasive biofluid methods have improved our understanding of SWCNT metabolism in zebrafish in recent years. Here, we used targeted metabolomics to quantify a set of metabolites within biological systems. SWCNT at various concentrations was given to zebrafish, and the metabolites were extracted using two immiscible solvent systems, methanol and chloroform. Metabolomics profiling was used in association with univariate and multivariate data analysis to determine metabolomic phenotyping. The metabolites, malate, oxalacetate, phenylaniline, taurine, sn-glycero-3-phosphate, glycine, N-acetyl mate, lactate, ATP, AMP, valine, pyruvate, ADP, serine, niacinamide are significantly impacted. The metabolism of amino acids, energy and nucleotides are influenced by SWCNT which might indicate a disturbance in metabolic reaction networks. In conclusion, using high-throughput analytical methods, we provide a perspective of metabolic impacts and the underlying associated metabolic pathways.
Highlights
In the past few decades, the carbon nanotubes (CNT) have gained a great attention in biomedical applications that are observed as pipe-shaped atomic layers of carbon particles
Before and after normalization with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) exposed metabolites, Pareto Scaling-based Kernel density plots and Box plots analysis are shown in Supplementary Figure S1
This study convincingly demonstrated the impacts of metabolites caused by SWCNT exposure in zebrafish for the first time at the omics scale
Summary
In the past few decades, the carbon nanotubes (CNT) have gained a great attention in biomedical applications that are observed as pipe-shaped atomic layers of carbon particles. It is made up of layerby-layer orientation of graphite sheets (Cheung et al, 2000; Wang et al, 2021; Zhou et al, 2021). Electrostatic potential, ultralightweight, drug encapsulating ability, and cellular penetration or transmission abilities are characteristics of CNT (Sahoo et al, 2011; Wu et al, 2011). CNT, polymer nanotubes, and surface altered-CNT have used in clinical applications over two decades (Hirsch, 2002).
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