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Abstract
Gas and vapor transport properties were studied in mixed matrix membranes containing elastomeric ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC or poly(ethylene-co-octene)) with three types of carbon fillers: virgin or oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon fibers (CFs). Helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, methane, and carbon dioxide were used for gas permeation rate measurements. Vapor transport properties were studied for the aliphatic hydrocarbon (hexane), aromatic compound (toluene), alcohol (ethanol), as well as water for the representative samples. The mechanical properties and homogeneity of samples was checked by stress-strain tests. The addition of virgin CNTs and CFs improve mechanical properties. Gas permeability of EOC lies between that of the more permeable PDMS and the less permeable semi-crystalline polyethylene and polypropylene. Organic vapors are more permeable than permanent gases in the composite membranes, with toluene and hexane permeabilities being about two orders of magnitude higher than permanent gas permeability. The results of the carbon-filled membranes offer perspectives for application in gas/vapor separation with improved mechanical resistance.
Highlights
Storage and handling of gasoline, and refueling of cars, involve an outflow of gasoline vapors into the atmosphere [1]
Acetone is a non-solvent of ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC) and this process led to precipitation of the EOC/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and EOC/carbon fibers (CFs) nanocomposites from toluene dispersion
The carbon fillers act as impermeable obstacles and the gas permeability slightly decreases in a similar fashion as predicted by the Maxwell model
Summary
Storage and handling of gasoline, and refueling of cars, involve an outflow of gasoline vapors into the atmosphere [1]. Membranes (MMMs), consisting of a dispersion of filler particles within a polymeric matrix, have been widely investigated to overcome the upper-bound trade-off limit of the polymeric membranes as well as the main drawbacks, such as brittleness and lack of reproducibility associated with inorganic membranes [17] These systems are potentially suitable to combine the exclusive advantages in separation performance of both inorganic and polymeric materials. Porous fillers are used to enhance transport rates, it has been demonstrated that dense fillers can have this effect if the polymer-particle interface plays an important role [19] Carbon fillers, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon fibers (CFs), are very interesting materials for nanocomposites preparation with a high reinforcing potential, already exploited in different applications (e.g., aerospace and transportation). The effect of the various carbonaceous fillers on the mechanical properties of the hybrid materials is studied in terms of maximum strength and deformation at sample failure, and in terms of deformation ratedependence of the elastic modulus at low deformation
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