Abstract
Novel hierarchical carbon nanohorns (CNHs) carried iron fluoride nanocomposites have been constructed by direct growth of FeF3·0.33H2O nanoparticles on CNHs. In the FeF3·0.33H2O@CNHs nanocomposite, the mesopore CNHs play the role as conductive matrix and robust carrier to support the FeF3·0.33H2O nanoparticles. The intimate conductive contact between the two components can build up an express way of electron transfer for rapid Li+ insertion/extraction. The CNHs can not only suppress the growth and agglomeration of FeF3·0.33H2O during the crystallization process, but also sever as an “elastic confinement” to support FeF3·0.33H2O. As was to be expected, the hierarchical FeF3·0.33H2O@CNHs nanocomposite exhibits impressive rate capability and excellent cycle performance. Markedly, the nanocomposite proves stable, ultrahigh rate lithium ion storage properties of 81 mAh g−1 at charge/discharge rate of 50 C (a discharge/charge process only takes 72 s). The integration of high electron conductivity, confined nano sized FeF3·0.33H2O (~5 nm), hierarchical mesopores CNHs and the “elastic confinement” support, the FeF3·0.33H2O@CNHs nanocomposite demonstrates excellent ultrahigh rate capability and good cycling properties.
Highlights
The integration of high electron conductivity, confined nano sized FeF3·0.33H2O (~5 nm), hierarchical mesopores carbon nanohorns (CNHs) and the “elastic confinement” support, the FeF3·0.33H2O@CNHs nanocomposite demonstrates excellent ultrahigh rate capability and good cycling properties
In order to master the upcoming markets of large scale electrochemical energy storage, electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicles, great improvements in electrochemical performance are eagerly required[3,4]
To improve the electrochemical performance of Lithium-ion battery (LIB) further to meet the requirement of all-electric vehicles and grid energy storage, alternative cathodes with a significant reduction in cost and great improvement in capacity and power density are urgently needed[7,8,9,10,11,12]
Summary
The integration of high electron conductivity, confined nano sized FeF3·0.33H2O (~5 nm), hierarchical mesopores CNHs and the “elastic confinement” support, the FeF3·0.33H2O@CNHs nanocomposite demonstrates excellent ultrahigh rate capability and good cycling properties. CNHs have large surface area, hierarchical mesoporous structure, excellent electrical conductivity and a similar tubular structure to single-walled carbon nanotubes. Due to these superiorities on structure, CNHs have been widely studied for various applications, such as catalyst support[30], electrochemistry bio-sensing[31], supercapacitor[32], fuel cells, and so on[33]. A facile and advanced architecture design of carbon nanohorns carried FeF3·0.33H2O nanocomposites (FeF3·0.33H2O@CNHs) is presented for the first time In this composite electrode, the CNHs build up the conductive matrix that provides a charge transfer express way to FeF3·0.33H2O, and works as an “elastic confinement” carrier to disperse and support the FeF3·0.33H2O nanoparticles. To the best of our knowledge, such impressive superior power rate for iron-fluoride based electrodes has not been reported previously
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