Carbon dioxide emission, economic growth, and energy consumption among Central Asian countries

Abstract

The paper examines the relationship between carbon dioxide emission, economic growth, and energy consumption among five Central Asian countries during 2000-2017. To verify the said relationship, we have used both static (pooled OLS and Fixed effect) and dynamic Generalized Method of Moments. The results indicate that GDP has a significantly negative impact, while a square of GDP has a significantly positive impact on carbon dioxide emission. Therefore, our findings support the U-shaped Environmental Kuznets Curve. Also, energy consumption is having a significantly positive impact on carbon dioxide emissions. The results emphasize non-renewable sources of energy, low carbon emission technologies, and sustainable growth.