Abstract
As the water issue relates the carbon issue in peatland, carbon and water interrelation has been studying for long term (more than 10 years) in peatland of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The Soil Moisture Content (SMC) and Ground Water Level (GWL) in long term have been monitoring by auto-monitoring system called SESAME, developed by our team, and Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) has been measured by Eddy Covariance on the tower. By these long-term monitoring, it is found that
Highlights
Tropical peatland is high carbon and water reservoir, because as oxygen dissolve extremely low into water, organic matter decomposition by microorganisms comes extremely to low at high ground water Level (GWL) in native peatland
The observed data are such as ground water level (GWL), SMC, temperature in peat, and whether data; air temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, wind speed and direction, using the Sensory Data Transmission Service assisted by Midori Engineering Lab. (SESAME) system
We got the lowest monthly GWL from the daily GWL which we estimated by Eqs. (1)-(3) and got the similar relationship between Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) and the estimated monthly lowest GWL (Fig. 3)
Summary
Tropical peatland is high carbon and water reservoir, because as oxygen dissolve extremely low into water, organic matter decomposition by microorganisms comes extremely to low at high ground water Level (GWL) in native peatland. In other trait of tropical peatland, especially in Indonesia, nutrients supply is very limited, because; a) water supply is only from rain (acidic pH 5.6), and b) nutrients desorption ability is very low with peat (organic matter) at low pH (lower than 4.0 in peat), indicating that peat decomposition is low owing to low microorganisms’ activity. In opposite process against carbon and water reservoir in peatland such as drying-up peatland by making drainage, CO2 emission should be accelerated, and CH4 and N2O emissions should increase by chemical fertilizer application, for which oil palm plantation is typical case. With the same method of Hooijer et al [2] carbon dioxide will be released from 93 to 217 megaton over
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