Abstract
This chapter focuses on the use of carbon materials in biomedical applications. Specifically, the use of pyrolytic carbon, diamond-like carbon (DLC), microcrystalline diamond, nanocrystalline diamond, and ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) in medical applications is described. Pyrolytic carbon is a form of turbostratic carbon formed from pyrolysis of hydrocarbons or fullerene gases. DLC is an amorphous carbon material, which contains sp 3 -hybridized carbon atoms; in addition, it may contain a variable amount of hydrogen. Microcrystalline, nanocrystalline, and UNCD are composed of sp 3 -hybridized carbon crystals with microscale or nanoscale grain sizes. The structure, mechanical properties, biological properties, production processes, and biomedical applications of these carbon materials are addressed in detail. While the focus is placed on the use of these carbon materials in thin films and coatings, attention is also given to the general properties of carbon and its applications as a biomaterial.
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