Abstract
Nowadays the use of gel containing carbamide peroxide (CP) prepared in Pharmacy is a normal practice in the population. However, the quality of this product is questionable concerning its stability. The aim of this study is was to synthesize and to analyze this drug alone or associated to Carbopol gel through analytical methodology compatible with the routine of the Pharmacies. The reaction between urea and hydrogen peroxide was carried out at different resting times: 24 hours (CP 24 powder) and 48 hours (CP48 powder) after the mixture. Both products were associated with Carbopol 940® gel 1.5% (G) generating G24 and G48 samples. The stability of powders (CP24 e CP48) and the formulations (G24 and G48) were evaluated as a function of time (15, 40 and 45 days) and thermal variation (refrigeration: 8 °C±1; thermal shock 32 °C±1 /8 °C±1; stove: 32 °C±1), using a standard titration method. As a result, only under refrigeration the CP24 and CP48 contents remained stable during the period of 45 days. An interesting finding was that G24 and G48 presented greater stability for at least 45-days under refrigeration and thermal shock conditions, and up to 30 days under stove conditions. The results for the G24 and G48 were slightly higher than those obtained for the control. Therefore, we were able to conclude that association with Carbopol 940® Gel 1.5 % provided greater CP stability and that manipulated formulations containing CP may be viable for use in a period of 45 days under refrigeration conditions. The titration proved to be an effective technique for the analysis of CP with or without Carbopol 940® gel 1.5%.
Highlights
Dental bleaching procedures became more popular as a result of the increasing awareness of the importance of having healthy white teeth (Gordon, Chiritensen, 2005)
The office technique, older, was not frequently used until recently due to the difficulties associated with the hydrogen peroxide solution application and the need for absolute isolation (Papathanasiou et al, 2002; Wetter et al, 2009)
The concentration of carbamide peroxide (CP) in the samples CP24, CP48 and control at time zero, showed an average concentration of 98.31%, 99.01% and 97.85%, respectively (Table I); values were considered within pharmacopoeial limits of 96% to 102 (USP 27, 2004), with no significant statistically difference between them
Summary
Dental bleaching procedures became more popular as a result of the increasing awareness of the importance of having healthy white teeth (Gordon, Chiritensen, 2005). The concentration of CP in the samples CP24, CP48 and control at time zero (after preparation), showed an average concentration of 98.31%, 99.01% and 97.85%, respectively (Table I); values were considered within pharmacopoeial limits of 96% to 102 (USP 27, 2004), with no significant statistically difference between them (tukey test, p< 0.05).
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