Abstract
Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an eco-friendly treatment technique. Bimetallic nano zero-valent Fe/Cu was successfully prepared by green synthesis by Ficus Benjamina leaves (FB-ZVI/Cu). The nanoscale FB-ZVI/Cu was characterized by scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The characterization revealed that synthesis and presence of iron–copper nanoparticles and biomolecules which could help in capping the bimetallic nanoparticles. Subsequently, nanoscale zero-valent Fe/Cu particles were used to remove carbamazepine from the aqueous medium under varying experimental conditions, including pH, initial carbamazepine concentration, Fe/CuNPs dose, stirring rate, and contact time. The removal efficiency of carbamazepine reached 95% under the condition of dose 0.4 g L−1, time 20 min, and pH 5. The results were analyzed according to the Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms. The adsorption data are more appropriate by the Langmuir adsorption model (R2 = 0.998) with qmax = 26.15 mg g−1. Overall, FB-nZVFe/Cu is a promising green substance to remove carbamazepine from aqueous solutions. The effect of different operating parameters was investigated using linear regression analysis, they were found to account for more than 97% of the variables affecting the removal process.
Highlights
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an antiepileptic drug and one of the most persistent pharmaceuticals in the ecosystem
The objective of this study is to evaluate the capacity of green synthetic nanoscale zero-valent iron/Cu was prepared by Ficus Benjamina leaves (FB-nZVI/Cu) and applied to remediate carbamazepine from aqueous solutions
Removal affected by the experimental conditions such as pH, contact time, dose, stirring rate, and carbamazepine concentration
Summary
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is an antiepileptic drug and one of the most persistent pharmaceuticals in the ecosystem. This drug had been found in various surface water, at a concentration more than other pharmaceutical drugs (Gurung et al 2018; Li et al 2015; Yang et al 2016; Baghdadi et al 2016; Liu et al 2018). The removal of CBZ via different techniques, such as sedimentation, rapid sand filtration, chemical precipitation, metal salt coagulation, and reverse osmosis, is limited (Baghdadi et al 2016; Chtourou et al 2018; Liu et al 2018)
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