Caracterización microscópica de matrices óseas nacionales para la reconstrucción de estructuras óseas perdidas en Odontología

Abstract

Objective. Morphologically characterize the ultrastructure of some nationally manufactured bone matrices available in the local commercial market in order to determine the main characteristics that allow their use in the dental rehabilitation of atrophic bone ridges. Methods. Bone matrices from Freeze-Dried Human Bone (HHL) provided by the Laboratory of Blood Products of the National University of Córdoba were studied, with block and powder format whose particle size is from 200 to 1000 μm and in the form of fine granules of 1000 at 2000 μm. The samples were respectively metalized with a layer of gold or chromium and were analyzed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results. A structure of HHL bone similar to that observed in the spaces of the Haversian blood vessel system of normal human bone was observed. Conclusions. The structural findings of the HHL bone, similar to those observed in the spaces of the Haversian blood vessel system of normal human bone, guarantee the topographic conservation responsible for the increase of the surface area and consequently a large surface-volume ratio that favors repair and regeneration. Bone with favorable characteristics is used as a graft. In addition, maintaining the nanostructure of the extracellular matrix gives it greater roughness, allowing greater anchorage that favors better cell growth by presenting essential topographic signals, benefiting adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of cells.