Capsulation of red emission chromophore into the CoZn ZIF as nanozymes for on-site visual cascade detection of phosphate ions, o-phenylenediamine, and benzaldehyde

Abstract

Accurate on-site profiling of the pollutants is of vital significance for estimating environmental pollution. Herein, we propose a paper-based fluorescence-sensing system to precisely report the level of multiple pollutants. A high-performance fluorescence-sensor for apparatus-free and visual on-site tandem precisely reporting phosphate ions (Pi), o-phenylenediamine (OPD), and benzaldehyde (BA) levels have been fabricated successfully by introducing synthesized red emission (>600 nm) fluorescent chromophore 10-(diethylamino)-3-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrobenzo [c]xanthen-12-ium (HTD) into the environment of CoZn zeolitic imidazolate framework (CoZn ZIF) by a simple stirring method. CoZn ZIF@HTD with the bimetallic nodes not merely provided main Zn2+ sites for specific recognition of Pi to generate an enhanced red fluorescent optical signal, Co3+/Co2+ exhibited excellent peroxidase-like activity for the catalytic oxidation of OPD substrate in the presence of H2O2 resulting in color changing from red to yellow. Subsequently, the obvious yellow fading of the OPDox species took place with the addition of BA. By virtue of the sensitively visual tandem detection of Pi, OPD, and BA, the sensor can be applied to real wastewater samples. Meanwhile, this fluorescent sensor was further adopted for practical application in confocal cell imaging and security inks. Overall, this work established a fluorescent sensing system with integrated multifunctional applications for environmental and biological samples, implying the great potential for simultaneous real-time cascade detection of various important pollutants with the merit of low-cost, time-saving, and easy-to-use.