Abstract
Secure communications and cryptography is as old as civilization itself. The Greek Spartans for instance would cipher their military messages and, for Chinese, just the act of writing the message constituted a secret message since almost no-one could read or write Chinese. Modern public key Cryptography until the mid 1980’s was founded on computational complexity of certain trap-door one-way functions that are easy to compute in one direction, but very difficult in the opposite direction. To a large extent computational complexity is still the lynchpin of modern cryptography, but the whole paradigm was revolutionized by introduction of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) which is founded on fundamental laws of Physics. Indeed, to date, QKD is de-facto the most successful branch of Quantum Information Science (QIS) encompassing such areas as quantum computing which is still in its infancy.
Published Version
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