Abstract
Multi-energy unified planning is difficult because of the complex conflicting relationship between the coupling and complementary interaction of multiple forms of energy in micro energy grids (MEGs). Conflicting relationships between the economy and the environment as well as the impact of uncertain energy prices must be considered during MEG planning. To address these problems, this paper proposes a two-level game with an environment-economic planning model that considers dynamic energy pricing strategies. This model consists of an upper environment-economic planning level based on a multi-strategy evolution game considering players' bounded rationality and a lower dynamic energy pricing level, including the MEG operator-user leader-follower Stackelberg game. Simultaneously, based on the energy hub theory, a multi energy coupling matrix is established for a MEG and includes electricity, gas, heat, and cooling. The evolutionary stability strategy (ESS) of the planning results is analyzed using the replicator dynamic equation of the evolutionary game, and the existence of the Nash equilibrium is proven for the dynamic energy pricing of Stackelberg games. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed environment-economic planning two-level game model considering dynamic energy pricing strategies is verified using simulations. Because dynamic energy pricing and the environment-economic planning are considered, the number of energy equipment required during peak hours is reasonably reduced, thereby reducing the total planning cost and improving the energy utilization efficiency. Simultaneously, greenhouse gas (CO2) and air pollutant (NOx) emissions are reduced to decrease environmental impact.
Highlights
Multi energy systems benefit from the synergy between different forms of energy
In order to facilitate the study of the coupling relationship between different energy sources in the micro energy grids (MEGs), this study introduces the concept of the energy hub [2]
In this paper, a MEG planning model that considers the dynamic pricing of energy is proposed, and is based on a bilevel game between environmental and economic factors
Summary
Multi energy systems benefit from the synergy between different forms of energy. They have been widely regarded as effective ways of promoting the integration of renewable energy and improving energy utilization [1]–[3]. Based on the multi-strategy set evolution game theory of bounded rational decision-making, this method promotes the environmentally advantageous planning of MEGs by establishing a two-level game programming model that takes into account dynamic energy pricing and the environment–economics. Based on the dynamic energy pricing game, considering the bounded rational decision-making of the players, the game relationship is balanced between the environment of CO2 and NOx emissions and the economics of planning in MEGs. In this paper, an optimal allocation method of key equipment in MEG based on the multi-strategy set evolutionary game is proposed, and its evolutionary stability strategy is analyzed using the replicator dynamic equation. A. ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMY GAME MODEL In the upper planning level, using the energy price obtained by the lower level, a multi-strategy set evolutionary game model considering bounded rational decision-making is established to balance the planning conflict between the economy and the environment. WcohmerpeanμyCG; OP2pguriirds the CO2 emission coefficient for the grid is the purchase of electricity from the grid for MEG;μCCOHP2 is the CO2 emission coefficient for the CHP unit; μCGOB2 is the CO2 emission coefficient for the gas-fired boiler; λCe O2 is the carbon emission quota unit of electric power; λCh O2 is the carbon emission quota unit of thermal power; μNCOHPX is the NOx emission coefficient for the CHP unit; and μNGOBX is the NOx emission coefficient for the gas-fired boiler
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