Abstract
Rice is the major source of carbohydrate in the world and also the common composition in avoidable food waste. Due to the rich food culture in Malaysia, different pretreated rice waste is generated and the pretreat-component may affect the outcome in managing the rice waste using fly larvae. In this study, black soldier fly larvae (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) and house fly larvae (HFL; Musca domestica) are introduced to four types of rice waste: 1) steamed white rice (WR), 2) rice with curry (CR), 3) rice with coconut milk (CCR), and 4) fried rice (FR). The reduction rate of rice waste and larval survival rate, and nutrient analysis were measured by prepupal stages of both fly larvae. BSFL showed no significant difference in the reduction for four types of rice wastes (p= 0.28) and significantly higher survival rate than HFL for the CR and CCR wastes; indicating better tolerant to the feeding substrate. Although BSFL has significantly gre ater reduction rate (3.03 – 3.26 g /10 larvae/ day) than HFL, but in a fixed timeframe (20-25 days) four batches of HFL were generated and therefore having significantly more mass production than BSFL (500g of substrates generating 11.96g of BSFL but 22.62g of HFL). Rice waste management using fly larvae is effective subjected to the needs and purpose; BSFL is more adaptive to different types of rice waste and high in fat content, whereas HFL is sensitive to the waste but high in protein content.
Highlights
Transforming rice and kitchen waste into animal feed should be the most effective food waste management in terms of minimizing energy and heat loss; this practice is restricted by the FEED ACT (Act 698) (Law of Malaysia, 2009) [3] in Malaysia which prohibits the use of food waste as animal feed
Rice waste management using fly larvae is effective subjected to the needs and purpose; black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is more adaptive to different types of rice waste and high in fat content, whereas house fly larvae (HFL) is sensitive to the waste but high in protein content
The BSFL reduction rate on rice waste was parallel to the studies of Diener et al (2011) [4] and Oonincx et al (2015) [7] that having the reduction rate ranged from 60 to 80% on the organic waste
Summary
The amount of food waste in Malaysia is estimated to increase to more than 6 million ton per day by 2020 [1]. An internal study for food waste was conducted by School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) and KDU Penang University College, which finds rice is the main disposed avoidable waste in five cafeteria of USM healthy campus. These food wastes may bring significant impact to the environment as they emitt greenhouse gasses that cause climate changes when decomposing at the landfill [2]. As demonstrated by numerous studies [4, 5, 6], fly larvae such as black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and house fly larvae (HFL) has significant role in reducing organic waste volume and biologically convert the waste into useful protein for livestock animal feed [6]. Most of the kitchen wastes in Malaysia were unsegregated and consisted of unknown pretreated components such as curry paste. in order to manage rice waste using fly larvae, the effect of the pretreated components and the capacity of the fly larvae in reducing rice waste have to be investigated
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