Abstract
This article discusses an effort by the city of Kennewick, Washington, to increase capacity due to population growth and to operate year‐round to decrease dependence on the collector wells, which had been classified as goundwater under direct influence of surface water. The decision was made to install submerged membranes in lieu of the existing granular media filtration process, thus initiating two other changes: elimination of the ozone contact basin, with a switch to powdered activated carbon and sodium permanganate for taste and odor control; and, a change from chlorine gas to bulk sodium hypochlorite for disinfection. Membrane testing and selection are discussed, along with several incidents of troubleshooting and staying on track to finish the project on schedule. The article finishes with a comparison of granular media versus submerged membranes.
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