Abstract
The estimation of lithium ion capacity fade and impedance rise on real application is always a challenging work due to the associated complexity. This work envisages the study of the battery charging profile indicators (CPI) to estimate battery health indicators (capacity and resistance, BHI), for high energy density lithium-ion batteries. Different incremental capacity (IC) parameters of the charging profile will be studied and compared to the battery capacity and resistance, in order to identify the data with the best correlation. In this sense, the constant voltage (CV) step duration, the magnitudes of the IC curve peaks, and the position of these peaks will be studied. Additionally, the behaviour of the IC curve will be modeled to determine if there is any correlation between the IC model parameters and the capacity and resistance. Results show that the developed IC parameter calculation and the correlation strategy are able to evaluate the SOH with less than 1% mean error for capacity and resistance estimation. The algorithm has been implemented on a real battery module and validated on a real platform, emulating heavy duty application conditions. In this preliminary validation, 1% and 3% error has been quantified for capacity and resistance estimation.
Highlights
The performance of a lithium ion battery is reduced over its lifetime due to irreversible physical and chemical changes in the internal structure
Considering the state of the art, the main aging mechanisms can be classified into three groups: loss of lithium inventory (LLI), reduction of the active material on the positive electrode (PE), and the reduction of the active material on the negative electrode (NE)
The SOH accuracy was not described in that paper. Since both the cathode and anode are reduced or blocked, leading to capacity fade, some other authors suggest evaluating battery aging based on the open circuit voltage (OCV)–SOC curve, which is observed at a low current rate [17]
Summary
The performance of a lithium ion battery is reduced over its lifetime due to irreversible physical and chemical changes in the internal structure. Since both the cathode and anode are reduced or blocked, leading to capacity fade, some other authors suggest evaluating battery aging based on the OCV–SOC curve, which is observed at a low current rate [17] This strategy requires charging and discharging a battery at controlled conditions and at very low rates (e.g., 1/25 C). Correlation between different charging profile indicators (CPI) and battery health indicators (BHI) will be studied, in order to identify the best CPI to estimate both BHI: capacity and resistance In this sense, the added value of this work comes from the low cost of the algorithm IC calculation, since a very simple strategy has been used to smooth the IC curve. This paper proposes the estimation of both main aging indicators such as capacity and resistance
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