Abstract

Treatment technologies for small systems should have low construction and operating costs, simple operation, low maintenance, and low labor requirements. Processes that meet some or all of these conditions are coagulation‐filtration package plants, diatomaceous earth filtration, slow sand filtration, ion exchange, granular activated carbon, and air stripping. Reverse osmosis, lime softening, and activated alumina may also be used. All of these processes are evaluated based on capability and cost.

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