Abstract
In the current study, different plant extracts of Gynocardia odorata such as methanol extract (ME), aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF), chloroform soluble fraction (CSF), carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction (CTCSF), and petroleum ether soluble fraction (PESF) were examined for the analysis of thrombolytic, cytotoxic, and erythrocyte membrane-stabilizing activities. A well-explicated method was accomplished for plant extractives investigation. The plant extractives were involved in thrombolytic, cytotoxic, and erythrocyte membrane-stabilizing activity evaluation, on the basis of their ability of clot lysis, cytotoxic potentials, and stabilizing erythrocyte membrane under hypotonic solution and heat-induced conditions. Both thrombolytic and erythrocyte membrane-stabilizing activities were performed by using Swiss albino laboratory mice. In addition, plant cytotoxic activity was performed by using the nauplii of brine shrimp as in vitro model. The study of G. odorata extracts enumerated basic thrombolytic activity (19.94 ± 0.53% to 10.64 ± 0.46%; p < 0.05), and basic cytotoxic LC50 value (23.09 ± 2.01 μg mL−1 to 1.18 ± 0.14 μg mL−1; p < 0.05) including statistical analysis confidence limit ranges, chi-square value, and regression equation was entailed. The erythrocyte membrane-stabilizing activity under hypotonic solution-induced hemolysis (47.41 ± 0.46% to 18.445 ± 0.095%; p < 0.05) and heat-induced hemolysis (27.95 ± 0.55% to 17.84 ± 0.59%; p < 0.05) was determined. All the statistical calculation was optimized by one-way ANOVA followed by Turkey's post hoc test including Dunnett t tests. This study indicates that G. odorata could be a natural medication alternative of thrombolytic agents as well as source of potent bioactive compounds.
Highlights
In the current study, different plant extracts of Gynocardia odorata such as methanol extract (ME), aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF), chloroform soluble fraction (CSF), carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction (CTCSF), and petroleum ether soluble fraction (PESF) were examined for the analysis of thrombolytic, cytotoxic, and erythrocyte membrane-stabilizing activities
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimate, more than 80% of the population of the developing countries rely on conventional plants for initial health care (Mulat et al 2013)
Traditional plants are relatively safe for use to treat different types of diseases, including various traditional plants that have thrombolytic, antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and antithrombotic activities which are successfully applied for therapeutic purposes (Das et al 2013)
Summary
Different plant extracts of Gynocardia odorata such as methanol extract (ME), aqueous soluble fraction (AQSF), chloroform soluble fraction (CSF), carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction (CTCSF), and petroleum ether soluble fraction (PESF) were examined for the analysis of thrombolytic, cytotoxic, and erythrocyte membrane-stabilizing activities. Bangladesh has a fertile with reputable inheritance of herbal medicines among the countries in South Asia. A large amount of pharmaceutical raw materials including medicinal plants and semiprocessed plant are used. The majority of these plants have not yet been studied for their pharmacological and toxicological bioactivities (Rajaei et al 2012; Karki et al 1999; Uddin et al 2011). Thrombolytic drugs like urokinase (UK), alteplase, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), and streptokinase (SK) are widely used as clinical thrombolytic agents. Streptokinase and urokinase are used in developing countries due to their reasonable price, but these drugs are coupled with side effects which lead to anaphylactic reaction, hemorrhage, and systemic fibrinolysis. Present phytochemical research scientists have isolated hundreds of bioactive chemical compounds, for example aconitine, acronycine, compounds from Amaryllidaceae plants, bisindole, camptothecine, cephalotaxus, colchine, ellipticine, emtine, phenanthroquinolizidine, and pyrrolizidine, which are ascertained cytotoxic against tumor cells (Geoffrey et al 1993)
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