Cannabis use in the intensive care setting: A scoping review

Abstract

PurposeCannabis is the most used recreational drug worldwide, and is increasingly used for medicinal purposes, however little is known about its impact on patients in intensive care units (ICU). Our objective was to identify key themes in the literature surrounding cannabis in the ICU and identify future research priorities. MethodsFour databases were systematically searched for literature investigating the impact of cannabis, and evidence for its therapeutic use, in adult ICU patients. ResultsOf 2589 articles screened, 22 articles were included for analysis. Cannabis-associated admissions were primarily related to an outbreak of vaping associated lung injury, and synthetic cannabinoid toxicity. Studies on the impact of cannabis use on outcomes were mostly limited to trauma and burns populations, with an inconsistent mortality benefit, and a trend towards increased pain scores and analgesic requirements found. There is minimal research on its therapeutic uses in ICU, with two trials investigating the use of a synthetic cannabinoid in patients with severe traumatic brain injury, with ultimately no significant effect on intracranial pressure found. ConclusionsThere is a paucity of studies investigating the impact of cannabinoids or their therapeutic uses in critically ill patients, with further research in this area needed.