Candida auris candidaemia in an intensive care unit – Prospective observational study to evaluate epidemiology, risk factors, and outcome

Abstract

PurposeTo determine the prevalence of Candida auris candidaemia in our ICU patients and its molecular epidemiology. MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted on candidaemia in our ICU patients over 18 months during 2016–2017. Demographics, underlying disease, risk factors, antifungal therapy and outcome were studied. Risk factors of C. auris and non-auris candidaemia were compared. ResultsDuring the study period, among 108 candidaemia cases recorded, the incidence was 6.75/1000 ICU bed days. C. auris topped the list (n = 42, 39.9%), followed by C. tropicalis (34.3%), and C. parapsilosis (15.7%). On bivariate analysis prior antibiotic therapy, long central line days, mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay were significant risk factors for C. auris candidaemia compared to non-auris candidaemia. Multivariate analysis showed underlying respiratory and neurological diseases as significantly associated with risk of C. auris candidaemia. Fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin resistance were noted in 97.0%, 93.7% and 3% of C. auris isolates respectively. ConclusionLonger duration of central line days, prior antibiotic use, mechanical ventilation and prolonged ICU stay were important risk factors associated with C. auris candidaemia along with underlying respiratory or neurological disease. The isolates are non-clonal in origin, but they belong to a single clade.