Abstract
Pregnancy represents a risk factor in the occurrence of vaginal candidosis. The objectives of our study were: to make determination of the microscopic findings of vaginal swab, frequency of Candida species in the culture of pregnant women and patients who are not pregnant, determine the Candida species in all cultures, and to determine the frequency and differences in the frequency of C. albicans and other non-albicans species. In one year study performed during 2006 year, we tested patients of Gynaecology and Obstetrics clinic of the Clinical Centre in Sarajevo and Gynaecology department of the General hospital in Sarajevo. 447 woman included in the study were separated in two groups: 203 pregnant (in the last trimester of pregnancy), and 244 non-pregnant woman in period of fertility. Each vaginal swab was examined microscopically. The yeast, number of colonies, and the species of Candida were determined on Sabouraud dextrose agar with presence of antibiotics. For determination of Candida species, we used germ tube test for detection of C. albicans, and cultivation on the selective medium and assimilation tests for detection of non-albicans species. The results indicated positive microscopic findings in the test group (40,9%), as well as greater number of positive cultures (46,8%). The most commonly detected species for both groups was C. albicans ( test group 40.9% and control group 23,0%). The most commonly detected non-albicans species for the test group were C. glabrata (4,2 %) and C. krusei (3,2%), and for the control group were C. glabrata (3,2%) and C. parapsilosis (3,2%). The microscopic findings correlated with the number of colonies in positive cultures. In the test group, we found an increased number of yeasts (64,3%), and the pseudopyphae and blastopores by microscopic examination as an indication of infection. In the control group, we found a small number of yeasts (64,6%) , in the form of blastopores, as an indication of the candida colonisation. Our results indicate that gravidity, as the risc factor for incidence of infection, has the significant role in the incidence of vaginal candidosis.
Highlights
Vaginal candidosis is a vaginal mucosis infection caused by species of the genus Candida
Documented risk factors of vaginal candidosis are pregnancy ( - ), use of high estrogen content oral contraceptives, antibiotics, steroids, chemotherapeutics, attendence at sexually transmitted diseases clinics and age ( ). e increased secretion of reproductive hormones during pregnancy favors the formation of infection ( )
Numerous studies worldwide show that Candida albicans are responsible for the greatest number of symptoms associated with the vaginal candidosis
Summary
Vaginal candidosis is a vaginal mucosis infection caused by species of the genus Candida. It is one of the most common vaginal infections in women, in the fertile period, and the most frequent and most important fungal disease of vaginal content ( ). The problem of vaginal candidosis was often ignored by medics, or treated as an insignificant problem for the female population It received more attention only after Herman Gardner said: “Vaginitis can cause more inconvenience than any other gynaecological disease. There is a balance between candida, normal bacterial flora, and immune defence mechanisms When this balance is disturbed, colonization is replaced by infection. It is still not definitively determined what exactly leads to disrup-
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