Abstract
BackgroundCancer-related fatigue (CrF) is the most common and disruptive symptom experienced by cancer survivors. We aimed to develop a theory-based, interactive Web-based intervention designed to facilitate self-management and enhance coping with CrF following cancer treatment.ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to outline the rationale, decision-making processes, methods, and findings which led to the development of a Web-based intervention to be tested in a feasibility trial. This paper outlines the process and method of development of the intervention.MethodsAn extensive review of the literature and qualitative research was conducted to establish a therapeutic approach for this intervention, based on theory. The psychological principles used in the development process are outlined, and we also clarify hypothesized causal mechanisms. We describe decision-making processes involved in the development of the content of the intervention, input from the target patient group and stakeholders, the design of the website features, and the initial user testing of the website.ResultsThe cocreation of the intervention with the experts and service users allowed the design team to ensure that an acceptable intervention was developed. This evidence-based Web-based program is the first intervention of its kind based on self-regulation model theory, with the primary aim of targeting the representations of fatigue and enhancing self-management of CrF, specifically.ConclusionsThis research sought to integrate psychological theory, existing evidence of effective interventions, empirically derived principles of Web design, and the views of potential users into the systematic planning and design of the intervention of an easy-to-use website for cancer survivors.
Highlights
Rates of invasive cancer in females have increased significantly by about 1% annually since 1994, without evidence of a plateau
Age-standardised, five-year net survival for colorectal cancer patients improved from 57% to 61%, for breast cancer from 80% to 82% and for cervical cancer from 56% to 62% between diagnosis periods 2003-2007 and 20082012
For all invasive cancers excluding NMSC, the figures most often quoted in international comparisons, approximately 20,500 cases were registered annually, representing 68% of all registered cases and equivalent to an incidence rate of 384 cases per 100,000 females and 490 cases per 100,000 males per year
Summary
This is the 20th annual statistical report of the National Cancer Registry. The report summarises cancer incidence in Ireland for the period 1994 to 2013, with particular emphasis on the most recent three years for which reliable data are available (2011-2013) , longer-term trends in incidence, and prevalence (the numbers of cancer patients still alive). The incidence rate of lung cancer declined steadily in males by almost 1% annually during 1994-2013 (slightly less if based on the 2013 ESP), whereas in females it increased significantly by over 2% annually over the same period (Figure 3-10) In both sexes, the trend was the similar regardless of the choice of standard population (1976 or 2013 ESP). The female incidence rate increased significantly, by c.11% annually during 2002-2013 (based on rates calculated using the 1976 ESP), while the male rate increased by c.9% annually during 1999-2013 (Figure 324) For both sexes, these recent increases followed an earlier period in which there was no clear trend. To Hodgkin lymphomas, incidence rates for non-Hodgkin lymphoma increased significantly and steadily by c.2% annually in both males and females during the period 1994-2013, regardless of which ESP was applied in the rate calculations (Figure 3-27). Confidence intervals on regional estimates are wide for this cancer, reflecting the small numbers of cases involved, it would be unsafe to draw any inferences about (apparent) regional variation in survival or in survival trends
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