Abstract
In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has undergone great advances because of our understanding of the immune response and the mechanisms through which tumor cells evade it. A century after the first immunotherapy attempt based on bacterial products described by William Coley, the use of live attenuated bacterial vectors has become a promising alternative in the fight against cancer. This review describes the role of live attenuated Salmonella enterica as an oncolytic and immunotherapeutic agent, due to its high affinity for tumor tissue and its ability to activate innate and adaptive antitumor immune response. Furthermore, its potential use as delivery system of tumor antigens and immunomodulatory molecules that induce tumor regression is also reviewed.
Highlights
Cancer is among the first causes of death in millions of individuals throughout the world [1]
Bacteria played a key role in the early stages of antitumor immunotherapy with the use of Coley’s toxin [4], a therapeutic modality that was substituted by the advent of radiotherapy and chemotherapy
This review has described in detail the use of live attenuated Salmonella enterica as the immunotherapeutic bacterial vector par excellence, in cancer treatment
Summary
Cancer is among the first causes of death in millions of individuals throughout the world [1]. The first studies describing the antitumor immunotherapeutic properties of Salmonella enterica were conducted by Kurashige et al, using minicells (vesicles with no genomic DNA) obtained from Salmonella Typhimurium, and evaluated in two different murine models (sarcoma [74] and Tcell lymphoma [75]); they observed that the administration of these minicells restored macrophage activity in the tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor elimination.
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