Canagliflozin: A review with specific focus on analytical methods in biological matrices and pharmaceuticals

Abstract

Abstract Sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor emerges as the latest group of oral hypoglycemic agents, which shows insulin-independent pathology and provides an upper hand to enhance renal glucose elimination. Canagliflozin (CGN) was the number one drug, approved by FDA on 29th March 2013 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. By totting up to its glucose-lowering effects, it exhibits beneficial effects on the heart and potentially on the kidneys. The study aims to summarize various analytical techniques, such as chromatography, spectrophotometry, and hyphenated techniques, such as Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and Ultra performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS) for the analysis of CGN. In the proposed work, we have reviewed various analytical methods reported for the estimation of CGN in biological matrices and Pharmaceuticals from various databases like ScienceDirect, Springer, PubMed, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, and Web of Science for the estimation of CGN. Various analytical methods adapted were high-performance liquid chromatography, UPLC, LC-MS/MS, high-performance thin-layer liquid chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, spectrofluorimetry, and UV spectrophotometry. This current review presented the determination of CGN using various analytical techniques and biological matrices either in single or in combination with other hypoglycemic agents, as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Further, some future trends that can be integrated were also suggested.