Can partial-cut harvesting be used to extend the availability of terrestrial forage lichens in late-seral pine-lichen woodlands? Evidence from the Lewes Marsh (southern Yukon) silvicultural systems trial

Abstract

In northern British Columbia and southern Yukon woodland, caribou forage extensively on terrestrial lichens, predominately mat-forming Cladina species in late-successional pine-lichen woodlands. Many of these stands are now reaching a point in their development where lichen abundance declines as feather-moss mats increase. We evaluated the response of forest floor plant communities in pine-lichen woodlands from the southern Yukon Lewes Marsh partial-cutting trial 8 years after harvesting. Photoplot results documented a major decline (>60% ± 5.6% SE) in the mean surface area of existing large clumps of C. mitis in control (unharvested) treatments, whereas the mean surface area of large C. mitis clumps declined by 28% (±15% SE) in the one-third basal-area removal and showed an increase of 13.5% (±25% SE) in the two-thirds basal-area removal. Line intercept transects documented no changes in overall stand-level lichen abundance between pre-harvest (2012) and post-harvest (2021) measurements, while feather-moss mats and dwarf shrubs showed declines and increases, respectively, in partial-cutting harvest plots. Stand thinning may provide a bridging strategy to extend the period of forage lichen availability in late-seral pine-lichen woodlands, an important consideration in landscapes where increasing severity and frequency of fires are changing the seral-state distribution of caribou habitat.