Abstract
Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder due to decreased thyroid hormone production. This endocrine disorder significantly affects the menstrual cycle and fertility. The aim of this present study was to assess the efficacy of Panax ginseng, one of traditional Chinese medicine, in ameliorating the gonadal hormonal dysfunction and lowering oxidative stress accompanied with hypothyroidism in adult female albino rats. After confirming regularity of the oestrus cycle in the female rats in this study, hypothyroidism was induced by using daily 5.0 mg kg-1 oral dose of Neo-mercazole. The hypothyroid rats were randomly grouped into two groups; hypothyroid group (H): did not received any treatment, group II (H+G) was treated with Panax ginseng extract for one months after hypothyroidism induction. Another two groups were included in the study, a negative control group (Euthyroid group) and a positive control group; received Panax ginseng extract only. Hypothyroidism resulted in irregularity of oestrus cycle accompanied with decrease in luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2), while prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P) and testosterone (T) hormone were significantly elevated. Hypothyroidism elevated capsae-3 and 8OH-deoxy guanosine expression and increased secretion of corticosterone and ERK1/2. This study showed that Panax ginseng improved hypothyroid-induced deterioration in trophic and gonadal hormones through free radicals' scavenger.
Highlights
Thyroid hormones are essential for normal mammalian development and play fundamental roles in the cardiovascular, nervous, immune and reproductive systems
Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder due to decreased thyroid hormone production. This endocrine disorder significantly affects the menstrual cycle and fertility. The aim of this present study was to assess the efficacy of Panax ginseng, one of traditional Chinese medicine, in ameliorating the gonadal hormonal dysfunction and lowering oxidative stress accompanied with hypothyroidism in adult female albino rats
This study showed that Panax ginseng improved hypothyroid-induced deterioration in trophic and gonadal hormones through free radicals’ scavenger
Summary
Thyroid hormones are essential for normal mammalian development and play fundamental roles in the cardiovascular, nervous, immune and reproductive systems. Thyroxin (T4), the metabolically active hormone, represents 97 % of the thyroidal secretion while 3 % is triiodothyronine (T3). Hypothyroidism is a public health problem characterized by low basal metabolic rate caused by insufficient synthesis, secretion or biologically dysfunctional thyroid hormones. Decreased T3, T4, TRH are accompanied with increasing in TSH level. These changes are considered the assessment criteria of hypothyroidism along with the clinical manifestations including; low basal metabolic rate, fatigue, sluggishness, chills, and hypothermia. Prevalence of hypothyroidism is 0.2 and 2% in male and female populations respectively [5]. Hypothyroid dysfunction in female has been associated with menstrual abnormalities, anovulation and hyperprolactinemia which cause ovulation disorders with increased risk of miscarriage, premature delivery, placental abruption and poor perinatal outcome with low birth weight. Hypothyroid dysfunction in female has been associated with menstrual abnormalities, anovulation and hyperprolactinemia which cause ovulation disorders with increased risk of miscarriage, premature delivery, placental abruption and poor perinatal outcome with low birth weight. [5]
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