Can outdoor rearing and increased weaning age compensate for the removal of in-feed antibiotic growth promoters and zinc oxide?

Abstract

This experiment determined whether delayed weaning and outdoor rearing could compensate for the removal of antimicrobials from piglet diets. One hundred and sixty litters of Large White (75%) × Landrace (25%) pigs on the same unit were reared either indoors (In) or outdoors (Out) and weaned at either 4 or 6 weeks of age into flat deck accommodation onto diets supplemented with either no antibiotic growth promoters and no zinc oxide (Un) or 40 mg avilamycin and 3.1 g zinc oxide/kg diet (S). Piglet performance was monitored to 8 weeks of age. A proportion of litters (25%) were sampled to investigate the effect of the different treatments on gut development. Mortality was higher in the first 24 h of life for Out piglets which subsequently grew faster to weaning. This was not simply due to smaller litter size as total litter gain was higher in outdoor litters. All piglets responded positively to antimicrobial supplementation post weaning regardless of rearing environment and weaning age and this was the biggest influence on post weaning performance. Outdoor piglets grew faster than indoor piglets post weaning (295 versus 242 ± 8.6 g/pig/day for the first 2 weeks post weaning, P < 0.001) and over the same period 6 week weaned piglets grew faster than 4 week weaned (324 versus 213 ± 8.6 g/pig/day, P < 0.001), however, when compared at similar age, 6 week weaning was detrimental to piglet growth with average daily gain (adg) from 4 to 8 weeks of age 310 g/pig/day versus 329 for 4 week weaned piglets ( P = 0.001). At 8 weeks of age the outdoor 6 week weaned unsupplemented piglets had similar average weight to the indoor 4 week weaned supplemented piglets indicating the potential of this combination to counteract the need for antimicrobials, however the benefit was due to enhanced weaning weight not to improved post weaning performance.