Abstract
Radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy is the method of choice for muscle-invasive urothelial cell cancer (UCC) treatment and provides the best cancer-specific survival. It can be performed as an open radical cystectomy (ORC), laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) or robot-assisted surgery (RARC). The aim of this study was to compare laparoscopic and open radical cystectomy in terms of perioperative and oncological results. This retrospective study included 260 patients who underwent surgery due to invasive bladder cancer. A laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) was performed on 131 patients and an open radical cystectomy (ORC) on 129 patients. Group was stratified according to the urinary diversion. Oncologic results expressed as perioperative variables were analyzed, adjusted to the type of urinary diversion. The LRC patients were in worse perioperative condition according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score than the ORC group (3.1 and 2.52, respectively; p = 0.001). The serum protein level was significantly lower in the ORC group, with no difference in body mass index (BMI) between the groups. The median operation time was significantly shorter in the LRC group with ileal conduit and uretero-cutaneostomy than in the same groups operated using open approach (252.5 min and 180 min vs 290 min and 225 min, respectively), as was the hospital discharge time (8.18 days and 11.63 days, respectively; p = 0.004). In both LRC groups, median blood loss was lower, compared with corresponding ORC groups (325 mL and 400 ml vs 800 mL and 1,100 mL, respectively; p < 0.001 in both cases). The level of complications was significantly lower in both LRC groups than in the ORC groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). The lymph node yield was 12 in the LRC group and 10 in the ORC group. The LRC group had a lower positive surgical margins ratio. The laparoscopic approach should be a valid option for radical cystectomy, given the fewer complications, smaller blood loss, and shorter operating and hospitalization times experienced by patients who underwent a laparoscopic cystectomy.
Highlights
Urothelial cell cancer (UCC) is one of most common neoplasms that invade the genitourinary tract.[1]
The laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) patients were in worse perioperative condition according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score than the open radical cystectomy (ORC) group (3.1 and 2.52, respectively; p = 0.001)
The serum protein level was significantly lower in the ORC group, with no difference in body mass index (BMI) between the groups
Summary
Urothelial cell cancer (UCC) is one of most common neoplasms that invade the genitourinary tract.[1]. Radical cystectomy (RC) with pelvic lymphadenectomy, together with neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced cases, is the method of choice for muscle-invasive UCC and provides the best cancer-specific survival.[3]. Open radical cystectomy can be associated with a clinically significant number of perioperative complications and a prolonged recovery time.[5] Since it is a highly morbid procedure, a minimally invasive approach was proposed.[6]. Radical cystectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy is the method of choice for muscle-invasive urothelial cell cancer (UCC) treatment and provides the best cancer-specific survival. It can be performed as an open radical cystectomy (ORC), laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) or robot-assisted surgery (RARC)
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