Can gas chromatography combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry be used to quantify organic compound abundance?

Abstract

Quantifying the concentrations of organics such as phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and n-alkanes and measuring their corresponding (13)C/(12)C isotope ratios often involves two separate analyses; (1) quantification by gas chromatography flame ionisation detection (GC-FID) or gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and (2) (13) C-isotope abundance analysis by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS). This requirement for two separate analyses has obvious disadvantages in terms of cost and time. However, there is a history of using the data output of isotope ratio mass spectrometers to quantify various components; including the N and C concentrations of solid materials and CO(2) concentrations in gaseous samples. Here we explore the possibility of quantifying n-alkanes extracted from sheeps' faeces and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) derivatised from PLFAs extracted from grassland soil, using GC-C-IRMS. The results were compared with those from GC-FID analysis of the same extracts. For GC-C-IRMS the combined area of the masses for all the ions (m/z 44, 45 and 46) was collected, referred to as 'area all', while for the GC-FID analysis the peak area data were collected. Following normalisation to a common value for added internal standards, the GC-C-IRMS 'area all' values and the GC-FID peak area data were directly compared. Strong linear relationships were found for both n-alkanes and FAMEs. For the n-alkanes the relationships were 1:1 while, for the FAMEs, GC-C-IRMS overestimated the areas relative to the GC-FID results. However, with suitable reference material 1:1 relationships were established. The output of a GC-C-IRMS system can form the basis for the quantification of certain organics including FAMEs and n-alkanes.