Can financial rewards for stewardship in primary care curb antibiotic resistance?

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Antibiotic use in primary care remains highly frequent, variable, and is often unnecessary. Hence, in principle, effective outpatient antibiotic stewardship might be an impactful intervention. Countries such as the Netherlands and Sweden where antibiotic stewardship has been applied in the outpatient setting also have some of the lowest rates of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, for a variety of reasons, antibiotic stewardship in primary care has been challenging in most other world regions.