Can environmental protection tax alleviate the mismatch of financing and investment maturities of heavily polluting enterprises?

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The gradual implementation of environmental protection tax policies has incentivized enterprises to engage in green production, effectively promoting China's accelerated achievement of the “dual‑carbon” goal. Although environmental protection tax has an important impact on the investment and financing decisions of heavily polluting enterprises (HPE), few studies have focused on the relationship between environmental protection tax and mismatch of financing and investment maturities. In this paper, we consider China's environmental protection tax reform as a “quasi-natural experiment”, and utilize the data of A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2022, and use a difference-in-differences (DID) model to assess the impact of this policy on the degree of mismatch of financing and investment maturities of HPE. The study shows that the implementation of the environmental protection tax policy (EPTP) significantly reduces the investment and financing maturities mismatch of the HPE, but this effect “fails” in the high tax rate area, and the policy is difficult to reverse the financing difficulties of the enterprises with a large degree of their own investment and financing maturities mismatch. The mediation mechanism test proves the EPTP acts on the mismatch of financing and investment maturities through two paths: alleviating the financing constraints faced by enterprises and increasing external supervision pressure; the impact of the policy has a time-differentiated effect, which is weakened year by year.