Abstract
Lithium ion batteries are widely used in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. Although battery technology has been significantly improved, it does not fully meet the energy requirements of electric vehicles. Electric vehicle batteries are built by serial and parallel connections of many cells to provide sufficient power. Differences between cells during battery usage can shorten the battery life and even worse can cause fire and explosion. Therefore, there is a need for a battery management system to ensure that the voltage, temperature and current information of the battery cells are used as optimum conditions. Cell balancing should be used to ensure that the battery cells are charging simultaneously. Cell voltage and temperature are measured by connecting auxiliary slave board to each series battery pack. This information is controlled by a master board. In this application, the excess energy is converted to heat by the load resistor on the utility boards. Fuzzy logic control is used to control the load resistor with the switching element. The charge status of the battery was estimated using the main battery current and the mains voltage with the master board. This application has been tested on an electric vehicle. A low cost modular battery management system has been developed that can control the safe charging and discharging of the vehicle battery.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eie.24.3.20975
Highlights
The increase in environmental pollution and the reduction of energy sources cause the spread of electric vehicles instead of internal combustion engines [1]
The battery pack used in this study was formed by connecting 28 serial NCR18650PF Li-ion battery cells from 8 connected groups connected in parallel
A battery management system which is high in efficiency and easy to install in battery pack has been established
Summary
The increase in environmental pollution and the reduction of energy sources cause the spread of electric vehicles instead of internal combustion engines [1]. Lithium ion batteries with high energy density are preferred in electric vehicles [2]. Cells connected in series and parallel to meet the high capacity requirements and the desired voltage for electric vehicle applications [4]. The BMS (Battery management system) is basically a request to control current and voltage during charging and discharging operations. Determining SOC (State of Charge) for BMS is one of the most difficult tasks. It is difficult to determine the exact state of the SOC and there is no way of direct measurement. The SOC of the battery is determined and provides information about the available capacity of the battery. The current counting method calculates the remaining capacity according to the energy transferred into and out of the battery. The current counting method is used to estimate the SOC of the battery. The tests on the vehicle were carried out at the TUBITAK Efficiency Challenge Electric Vehicle competitions
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