Abstract
This paper assesses the feasibility of green hydrogen production in Brazil. By green hydrogen, it is meant the hydrogen produced by the electrolysis of water by consuming electricity produced by renewable sources. The country has large areas with high solar irradiation and favorable wind velocities that help to make wind power and solar PV economical alternatives. Other factors include lower investments and lower grid integration cost with respect to global average, because of the large share of hydropower. As known, hydro plants respond well to the short-term variability of renewable production. Local regulations also incentivize renewable energy. For example, it is possible, according to market rules, for a hydrogen producer to sign a financial Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) contract with a producer or trader to secure a firm, renewable energy supply for the electrolysis process. This market-driven factor, and other key factors, such as low price of electricity, are considered in an economic feasibility model. Results from this model suggest that Brazil could become a green hydrogen powerhouse for the internal market and potential exports to Germany and other European countries.
Highlights
In July 2020, the European Union (EU) released its Hydrogen Strategy, acknowledging the importance of hydrogen (H2) to meet its international obligations under the Paris Agreement
They are: 1) A cheap source of green hydrogen could be competitive for various sectors in the Brazilian economy, creating an internal market: a) Brazil is a major exporter of agricultural produce and an importer of fertilizers
The European Union has announced a strategy to develop a market for green hydrogen as part of the efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Summary
In July 2020, the European Union (EU) released its Hydrogen Strategy, acknowledging the importance of hydrogen (H2) to meet its international obligations under the Paris Agreement This strategy describes three phases that are needed to speed up the deployment of a hydrogen market in Europe until 2050. The partner countries will be analyzed in terms of availability of renewable energy and water resources, cost-efficiency of hydrogen production, energy infrastructure and demand, availability of land for hydrogen production, and social and socio-political framework [3]. This need for imports will be shared by other countries in the European Union [1].
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