Abstract
The use of cloud services that process privacy-sensitive information such as digital banking, pervasive healthcare, smart home applications requires an implicit continuous authentication solution, which will make these systems less vulnerable to the spoofing attacks. Physiological signals can be used for continuous authentication due to their uniqueness. Ubiquitous wrist-worn wearable devices are equipped with photoplethysmogram sensors, which enable us to extract heart rate variability (HRV) features. In this study, we show that these devices can be used for continuous physiological authentication for enhancing the security of the cloud, edge services, and IoT devices. A system that is suitable for the smartband framework comes with new challenges such as relatively low signal quality and artifacts due to placement, which were not encountered in full lead electrocardiogram systems. After the artifact removal, cleaned physiological signals are fed to the machine learning algorithms. In order to train our machine learning models, we collected physiological data using off-the-shelf smartbands and smartwatches in a real-life event. By applying a minimum quality threshold, we achieved a 3.96% Equal Error Rate. Performance evaluation shows that HRV is a strong candidate for continuous unobtrusive implicit physiological authentication.
Highlights
Implicit continuous authentication is required for cloudoriented services that grant access to the privacy-sensitive information domains such as mobile banking, pervasive healthcare [1], [2]
We showed that heart rate variability (HRV) gathered from commercial grade smartwatches is a strong candidate for implicit continuous authentication
We proposed state-of-the art preprocessing for signals coming from reallife data with artifacts due to the physical construction of the smartwatches
Summary
Implicit continuous authentication is required for cloudoriented services that grant access to the privacy-sensitive information domains such as mobile banking, pervasive healthcare [1], [2]. Smart bands and smartwatches became widely adopted by consumers These devices are equipped with a rich set of sensors such as accelerometer, heart rate monitor, and skin conductance. These advances create an opportunity to build a continuous implicit authentication system. Ekiz et al.: Can a Smartband Be Used for Continuous Implicit Authentication in Real Life These devices are prone to activity-related errors [9], unlike full lead ECG systems. The effectiveness of HRV features derived from PPG sensors of smartwatches and smartbands is still unknown for continuous authentication [4].
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