Abstract
Tumor-associated myeloid cells regulate tumor growth and metastasis, and their accumulation is a negative prognostic factor for breast cancer. Here we find calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase (CaMKK2) to be highly expressed within intratumoral myeloid cells in mouse models of breast cancer, and demonstrate that its inhibition within myeloid cells suppresses tumor growth by increasing intratumoral accumulation of effector CD8+ T cells and immune-stimulatory myeloid subsets. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) isolated from Camkk2−/− mice expressed higher levels of chemokines involved in the recruitment of effector T cells compared to WT. Similarly, in vitro generated Camkk2−/− macrophages recruit more T cells, and have a reduced capability to suppress T cell proliferation, compared to WT. Treatment with CaMKK2 inhibitors blocks tumor growth in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner, and facilitates a favorable reprogramming of the immune cell microenvironment. These data, credential CaMKK2 as a myeloid-selective checkpoint, the inhibition of which may have utility in the immunotherapy of breast cancer.
Highlights
Tumor-associated myeloid cells regulate tumor growth and metastasis, and their accumulation is a negative prognostic factor for breast cancer
We find that deletion of CaMKK2 in myeloid cells, or its pharmacological inhibition, attenuates tumor growth in a CD8+ T cell-dependent manner, facilitating a favorable reprogramming of the immune cell microenvironment
The enhanced expression of Retnla/ Fizz[1] and Arg[1] can be associated with an immunosuppressive phenotype, when considered in total, these findings indicate that deletion of CaMKK2 interfered with the expression of the largely immunosuppressive transcriptional program induced by tumorderived factors (TCM) in myeloid cells
Summary
Tumor-associated myeloid cells regulate tumor growth and metastasis, and their accumulation is a negative prognostic factor for breast cancer. We first confirmed the expression (qPCR and western immunoblot) of CaMKK2 in myeloid cells isolated from E0771 tumors (Supplementary Fig. 2D, E).
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